150 YEARS ON CANCER CHALLENGING: WHAT DOES IT MEAN, WHERE ARE WE?

Autores

  • Fernando Raphael de Almeida Ferry UNIRIO
  • Marilza Campos de Magalhães Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.
  • Rogerio Neves Motta Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.
  • Patrícia Canelha Ribeiro-Alves Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.
  • Maria Helena Roustand Rabay Vermot-Petit-Outhenin Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.
  • Carlos Alberto Morais de Sá Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2011.v3i3.2216-2221

Palavras-chave:

Câncer doença não resolvida. Tumorigenesis mecanismos complexos e conflitantes. Tratamento e prevenção do câncer.

Resumo

Abstract:

Introduction: Cancer comes from Latin language where it means crab. Onco comes from Greek language meaning mass, bulk or tumor. Tumors are classified on biological features as low-grade, intermediate or high-grade malignancy according to tumor cell differentiation. There have been about three hundred thousands of new cancer cases reported per year in Brazil. Tumorigenesis mechanisms, complexity and conflicts: Cancer has been considered a genetic disease caused by mutations in genes governing cell growth or chromosomal events as amplifications, deletions, inversions or translocations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered associated with cancer. It has been identified 1.42 million polymorphisms in the human genome. Epigenetic gene modulation may be a key mechanism in cancer development and metastasis. Chromatin-histone complex may be modified by phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and/or ADP-ribosylation. MicroRNAs may be incorporated in mRNA targets and influence several biological processes as development, differentiation and apoptosis. Apoptosis is a way cells undergo programm deaths by activation of extrinsic cell surface death-mediating receptor, activation of mitochondrial mediated intrinsic pathway or non-apoptotic forms of cell death. In cancer there seems be failure, loss or absence of forms of cell death and overactivation of kinase growth factor receptors. Treatment and Prevention: Surgery is the better method to cure patients with solid tumors confined to local disease. Ionizing radiation may be administered as an isolated local form of cure, but also to extend limits of a treated region. Prevention depends on educational strategies, chemopreventive agents or early diagnosis for solid tumors. Advanced forms of cancer presentation are rarely cured and depend on combination of surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy and biological agents. Conclusion: At 150 years on cancer challenging, we do not know what it does really mean, nor even cure, effective treatment or prevention has been achieved. Descriptors: Cancer a non solved problem. Tumorigenesis complex and conflicts mechanisms. Cancer treatment and prevention.

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Biografia do Autor

Fernando Raphael de Almeida Ferry, UNIRIO

Professor Associado de Clínica Médica e AIDS. Departamento de Medicina Geral. Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia. CCBS. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Marilza Campos de Magalhães, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.

Professora Associada. Departamento de Medicina Geral. Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia. CCBS. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Rogerio Neves Motta, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.

Professor Assistente. Departamento de Medicina Geral. Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia. CCBS. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Patrícia Canelha Ribeiro-Alves, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.

Médica Oncologista. Departamento de Medicina Geral. Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia. CCBS. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Maria Helena Roustand Rabay Vermot-Petit-Outhenin, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.

Professora de Ginecologia/Mastologia. Departamento de Cirurgia Geral. Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia. CCBS. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Carlos Alberto Morais de Sá, Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle.

Professor Titular. Departamento de Medicina Geral. Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia. CCBS. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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Publicado

2011-08-05

Como Citar

1.
Ferry FR de A, Magalhães MC de, Motta RN, Ribeiro-Alves PC, Vermot-Petit-Outhenin MHRR, Morais de Sá CA. 150 YEARS ON CANCER CHALLENGING: WHAT DOES IT MEAN, WHERE ARE WE?. Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) [Internet]. 5º de agosto de 2011 [citado 12º de novembro de 2024];3(3):2216-21. Disponível em: https://seer.unirio.br/cuidadofundamental/article/view/1517

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