Complicaciones transfusionales en ancianos hospitalizados: revisión integrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v15.12175Palabras clave:
Transfusión sanguínea; Reacción a la transfusión; Anciano; Hospitales.Resumen
Objetivo: identificar estudios sobre las principales complicaciones que la transfusión de sangre puede ocasionar a la salud de ancianos hospitalizados y analizar las evidencias científicas encontradas. Método: revisión integradora realizada con estudios en inglés de bases de datos nacionales e internacionales publicados desde 2017 hasta 2021. Los principales descriptores fueron “Blood Transfusion”, “Transfusion Reaction”, “Aged” y “Hospitalization”, combinados a través de los operadores booleanos “AND” y “OR”. Resultados: Se incluyeron 23 estudios que retrataron las principales complicaciones de la transfusión de sangre para el anciano hospitalizado. Las doce complicaciones diferentes se asignaron en dos categorías: complicaciones relacionadas con la cirugía o no quirúrgicas. Mayor estancia hospitalaria, mortalidad, reacciones transfusionales, daño renal agudo posoperatorio y delirio posoperatorio fueron parte de los principales hallazgos. Conclusión: los mecanismos por los cuales se desarrollan las complicaciones aún no se comprenden completamente, lo que destaca la importancia de incentivar nuevas investigaciones que involucren este tema.
DESCRIPTORES: Transfusión sanguínea; Reacción a la transfusión; Anciano; Hospitales.
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