Multidimensional Poverty and Child Health: Analysis of Public Policies in Brazil and Mozambique

Abstract

Introduction: This study analyzes multidimensional poverty in Brazil and Mozambique, focusing on the health of children and adolescents. Multidimensional poverty goes beyond the lack of income, encompassing deprivation in essential areas such as education, health, housing, and sanitation. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified these inequalities, especially affecting food, education, and income. In Brazil, more than 30 million children and adolescents live in multidimensional poverty, while in Mozambique, around 10 million face the same situation. Objective: To assess how public health policies in both countries address multidimensional poverty. Methods: A qualitative and documentary approach was used, analyzing public policies, reports from the Ministries of Health, and data from organizations such as UNICEF and WHO. The research covers normative acts from the past 36 years, focusing on policies aimed at child health and poverty reduction. Results: The results show that in Brazil, policies such as the Unified Health System (SUS) and the Bolsa Família Program have contributed to poverty reduction, although challenges remain. In Mozambique, despite some progress, policies are still limited—especially in rural areas—and poverty remains a major obstacle. Conclusions: More integrated policies involving health, education, and social conditions are needed to address the structural causes of poverty and reduce inequalities in both countries. Thus, the crucial role of nursing is highlighted in delivering integrated care and addressing vulnerabilities.