Incidencia y factores asociados a los síntomas depresivos posparto: una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v16.13014Palabras clave:
Depresión Posparto, Periodo posparto, Salud de la MujerResumen
Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica la incidencia de síntomas depresivos posparto y factores asociados. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura descrita según la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Fueron elegibles estudios observacionales con diseño longitudinal, utilizando la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo, disponible en texto completo, publicada en 2019 y 2020. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17 artículos. La incidencia de síntomas depresivos posparto varía del 0,18% al 27,87%. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados fueron antecedentes de depresión, estrés y relaciones familiares estresantes, bajo apoyo social, trastornos psiquiátricos comórbidos y experiencias negativas o complicaciones durante el parto. Conclusiones: Los síntomas depresivos posparto afectan a una proporción significativa de mujeres posparto y siguen siendo un problema de salud pública. Se sugiere continuar con los estudios relacionados con el tema a nivel nacional.
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