ESTRÉS LABORAL, ESTRATEGIAS DE AFRONTAMIENTO Y BIENESTAR EN PROFESIONALES DE ENFERMERÍA: UN ESTUDIO TRANSVERSAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v18.14974Palabras clave:
Enfermería; Estrés laboral; Adaptación psicológicaResumen
Objetivo: analizar las asociaciones entre el afrontamiento ocupacional, el bienestar en el trabajo y el estrés ocupacional entre enfermeras y técnicos de enfermería en un hospital pediátrico público en la Amazonía brasileña. Methodology: se realizó un estudio de encuesta con 238 profesionales de enfermería, que comprendían 88 enfermeras y 150 técnicos de enfermería. Los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y cuestionarios que evaluaban el estrés, el bienestar y el afrontamiento. Se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas, correlación y regresión lineal múltiple con errores estándar. Resultados: no hubo diferencias entre las categorías en el estrés ocupacional total y en las dimensiones de bienestar, y en el afrontamiento, solo la evitación difirió. El estrés se correlacionó inversamente con el afecto positivo (r=-0,359) y el logro (r=-0,209) y se correlacionó directamente con el afecto negativo (r=0,504). En el modelo ajustado final, un menor afecto positivo (β=-5,40; IC del 95%: -8,27 a -2,54) y un mayor afecto negativo (β=7,50; IC del 95%: 4,57 a 10,43) se mantuvieron asociados a un mayor estrés laboral. Conclusión: las dimensiones afectivas del bienestar mostraron una asociación más consistente con el estrés que la categoría ocupacional y las estrategias de afrontamiento.
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